Laser Metal Deposition

The process of laser deposition is known by several names, most of which are trademarks of various machine manufacturers or research establishments. These include laser metal deposition (LMD), direct metal deposition (DMD), direct laser deposition (DLD), laser engineered net shaping (LENS), laser cladding, laser deposition welding and powder fusion welding.

The process involves a laser beam used to form a melt pool on a metallic substrate, into which powder is fed. The powder melts to form a deposit that is fusion bonded to the substrate. Both the laser and nozzle from which the powder is delivered are manipulated using a CNC robot or gantry system.

When the process is correctly controlled a wide range of Titanium, Nickel, Cobalt, WC containing and Steel alloys can be deposited, including Ti-Al6-4V, Inconel-718, Rene-142 and Stellite-6. The as-deposited microstructure is similar to that of an as-welded structure, so post-deposition heat treatment may be required. In addition, for many applications a final machining operation is required to achieve tight geometric tolerances.

Laser deposition machines are similar to standard laser cutting and welding machines, utilising standard CNC manipulation equipment and laser sources. The size of the machine depends on the component being repaired or coated. Process chambers range from 300x300x300mm up to several metres square. Typical lasers sources are CO2, with Yb-fibre and Nd-YAG disk now becoming a viable alternative.

LPW Technology offers a complete range of metals powders suitable for use on all machines currently used in industry.

Click here for further details on metal powder manufacture, powders for laser metal deposition, standard metal powders